The Invention of Mobile Phone :- 

Er. Martin Cooper 

The Father of Cellular phone 

Today every one is conversant with the mobile phones , every one is using mobile phones in our day today life. Even today most of the works are being done with the help of mobile phones.

It is very handy and mobile phones have reduced the distance , you can talk hwith your friends or relatives sitting at a distance of thousands of kilometres. You can see the movies , you can listen the songs , you can learn lessons.In nutshell we can say that it is s mini computer in our pocket.

We Need Phone in every sphere of life 

Have you ever thought that who has made the mobile phones .  Dear friends you must know about the man who is behind the invention of Mobile Phone.

Friends , Martin Cooper is the man who has invited first mobile phone in 1972-73.

Now we must know about the man who is behind the invention of Mobile Phone.

Martin Cooper an American Engineer , born in Chicago , Illinois in US on 26 December 1928 an Electrical Engineer under whose leadership and guidance a team worked for the invention of wireless communication invented the first mobile phone in 1972-73.

Martin Cooper is known as the father of cellular phone.

He studied in the in Illinois Institute of Technology ( IIT) Chicago and awarded the Bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering in 1950 .

Martin Cooper worked in US Navy during the Korean war  . After the war Cooper joined the Teletype Corporation and in 1954 he started working in Motorolla and in 1957 he obtained his Masters in Electrical Engineering from IIT . In Motorolla he worked in many projects on wireless communication .

Need of today 

Later Martin Cooper worked as a President and Director for the company during 1978-83 

So this way the mobile phone came in our hands .

 Landslide Prevention Methods :-   

Landslide when we talk is causes heavy damages to that particular location where it occurs.

It causes damages to earth profile , it causes damages to the vegetation and human and animal living in that particular location.

Landslide Prevention Methods.

Provide Gabion Walls to check sliding.

Keeping in view the losses there must be an effort to control these landslides so that the land as well as lives could be saved.

Some Preventive measures can be done which are as follows:-

The landslides  prevention technology mainly focus on stabilization of soil slopes and reducing water  and water flow management in the landslide prone areas.

We can take the following methods in practice.

Improvement of Drainage system :R

Drainage is the main factor which contributes much  for the happening of Landslides.

Water flow must be divided into small Chanels so that it may not fall in one  place causing damage to the soil structure.

Proper drainage can reduce the risk of slides 

It must be ensured that the water saturation must be reduced  , because only  fully saturation of soil is more prone to sliding.

Further velocity of water if more it causes heavy damages to the earth 's structure of it is smooth it doesn't  erode the soil.

The water seepage must be checked from time to time avoiding saturation of soil.

Reinforcement of Soil Slopes :- 

The soil slopes must be reinforced by construction of retaining walls of safe design , Gabion Walls etc.  Proper weep holes must be provided in concrete and masonry retaining walls .

These structures provide  check to sliding.

Modifications of Slopes :-

Modifications of Slopes can reduce the risk of slides. 

Flat terrain break down the currents of water thus erosion is reduced and proper drainage can be managed.

Plantation of Trees :-

Plantation is very essential to reduce the Soil erosion because the roots of trees firmly hod the soil hence check the soil erosion. The foliage also hold the rain water on the leaves from where it again gets evaporated thus reducing bloods .

Plantation reduce soil erosion 

So it is very important that we must check the the drainage system around and in every locality before every rainy season . Identify  the shortcomings in drainage system around the locality and take remedial measures well in advance. Government must sanction appropriate budget against flood control to every village in hilly areas to Gram Panchayats.

Mechanism of Landslides

 Mechanism of Landslides 

We must understand the mechanism of Landslides if we are residing in hilly areas.

What is mechanism of Landslides, we can say that it is the movement of mass of rocks , soil or debris down a slope under the influence of gravity.

Mechanism of Landslides 

Landslides occurs when the force of Gravity acting on the slopes exceeds

 the strength of the mass holding in a place.

The factors Responsible for Landslides :-

The factors Responsible for the landslides are  .

1. Heavy rainfall 

2. Earthquake.

3. Erosion.

4. Cloudburst.

5 Human Activities.

Human Activities :-  

1. construction of roads buildings , and other projects.

2. Deforestation 

Deforestation causes erosion hence landslides.

Landslide is a geological phenomenon involved in sudden movement of  mass of earth , rocks and debris down a slope under the influence of gravity 

We can understand the mechanism of Landslides from these figures.

1 Role of Gravity :- 

The gravity constantly pulls the mass down  the slopes as the  weight of the material exceeds the gravitational force the sliding starts  , hence rolling down the slopes .

Slope Stability :- 

Some factors affect the slopes stability.

Angle of Slope :- 

Steeper slopes are more prone to sliding because of greater gravitational pull .

Strength of the Soil Material :- 

Weathering action , erosion and water saturation weaken the structure of soil thus weak soils are more prone to sliding.

Water Content :-  

Water when comes in contact with soil the weight of the Soil Material gets increased , if the slopes are greater than the gravity  makes it to slide .

There are three types of slides 

1 . Slides 

2. Flows 

3 . Creep ..

In rainy seasons the hilly areas are more prone to sliding.

We can take some remidies which we will discuss in the next post .