An Overview of Himachal Pradesh district Kangra Part -I
District Kangra is a very beautiful district of Himachal Pradesh which shares it's boundaries with district Kullu and Mandi in the East , district Hamirpur and Una in South , district Chamba and district Lahaul & Spiti in the North and Gurdaspur district of Punjab in the West.
In the Southern escarpment of Himalayas the Shivalik range , Dhauladhar mountain range and Himalayas from South West to North East which covers the entire Kangra district and has altitude varying between 500 metres to 5000 metres above mean sea level .
The district Kangra was the largest district of composite Punjab before 1st November 1966 having six Tehsils Namely :- 1. Kangra 2. Nurpur 3. Palampur 4. Dehr Gopipur 5. Hamirpur and 6. Una .
On 1st November 1966 the hilly areas of Punjab were merged in Himachal Pradesh thus Vishal Himachal Pradesh was made and Kangra was merged in Himachal Pradesh .
On 1st September 1972 the present Kangra district came into existence when re - organization of districts was executed by the Government of Himachal Pradesh along with district Hamirpur and Una .
At one time Lahul and Spiti were separate Waziries of Kullu sub divisions and was a part of Kangra district of Punjab . Kullu was a tehsil of Kangra till 1962 and Lahaul and Spiti which was created a district in 1960 was also a part of Kangra district .
Population wise , district Kangra is a largest district in Himachal Pradesh having 15 Assembly constituencies and it's headquarter is at Dharmshala 25 Km from Kangra town . The geographical area of Kangra is 5739 square Kilometres having 3906 villages . The name of the district is on the name of its Kangra town .
In the ancient times the name of Kangra was Nagarkot and was the part of Trigarta Empire, the geographical territory of Trigarta was between Satluj ,Beas and Ravi rivers . Trigarta was a Northern Indian region of Indian subcontinent with its capital at Prasthatla [ Present Jalandhar ] , Multan and Kangra. The founder of Trigarta was Vrishni Dynasty and was ruled by this dynasty .
View of Kangra Fort
Tehsils in district Kangra :-
To have a better administration and development in the district as population wise district is large at present the Tehsils in district Kangra are :-
1. Kangra 2. Dehra Gopipur , 3. Nurpur 4.Jawali, 5. Indora, 6.Shahpur ,7. Baroh, 8.Khundian , 9. Dadasiba ,10. Jaswan , 11.Rakkar ,12. Fatehpur ,13. Baijnath ,14. Jaisinghpur , 15. Thural , 16. Dharmshala , 17. Multhan ,18. Palampur ,19. Jawalamukhi and 20 . Nagrota Bagwan .
Sub Tehsils :-
Following are sub Tehsils in the district:-
1.Dheera ,2. Nagrota Surian , 3. Kotla ,4. Gangath ,5. Haripur ,6. Panchrukhi ,7. Chadhiar ,8. Harchakian , 9. Almpur ,10. Darini ,11. Manjheen ,12 . Bhawarna , 13. Lagru , 14. Pragpur and 15 .Sullah .
Development Blocks :-
To ensure proper development following development Blocks are functioning in the district .
1. Kangra ,2. Nagrota Bagwan ,3. Rait , 4. Baijnath,5. Dehra, 6. Bhawarna , 7. Fatehpur, 8. Indora ,9. Lamba Gaon , 10. Nurpur ,11. Panchrukhi ,12. Sullah , 13. Pragpur ,14. Nagrota Surian, 15. Dharmshala ,17. Baroh , 18. Palampur , 19 Khundian and 20. Dadasiba .
Brief History :-
As per Mahabharata the Trigarta had been established before the battle of Mahabharata and it was founded by King Bhumi Chand. The 234 th king Shusharma had taken part in the battle of Mahabharata from The side of Kauravas . King Shusharma was the king of Trigarta .
As mentioned in Rajtrangini Raja of Kashmir in 470 Shrestha sen and Raja Pravar sen in 520 AD had attack on Trigarta and got succeeded .
Heunsang a Chinese traveler scholar visited India during the regime of King Harshvardhan from 629 to 644 B. C. He wrote in his book about the administrators of India . Heunsang had been the guest of king Utitas in Kangra hills in Trigarta (Kangra ) and on his return journey he had been stayed at Jalandhar during 643 A. D . At that time the king of Trigarta and Kashmir were paying tribute to King Harshvardhan . It means King Harshvardhan had established his suzerainty on these kingdoms.
Kangra Fort was built by Rajas of Katoch dynasty and they had proved themselves the descendants of King Shusharma who had favoured Kauravas in Mahabharata battle . Traditionally the Kangra fort is said to be founded by King Shusharma .
In 883 to 903 AD Raja Prithvi Chand I had fought against Shankar Verman the king of Kashmir .
Mehmud Gazanwi made three expedition to India but during fourth expedition 1009 he succeeded and captured the Kangra Fort and he looted the fort , Brajeshwari temple the fort remained under him till 1043 A. D.
During this period Raja Jagdish Chand the 202th descendant of king Shusharma was the king of Nagarkot. Mahipal Tomer king of Dehli defeated Mehmud Gazanwi and fort was liberated in 1043 A.D
In 1051 - 52 A.D. the Nagarkot fort was again lost , A son of Mehmud Abdul Rashid appointed Hastagin Hajib as governor of Punjab .
In 1060 A .D . Raja Kangra again recaptured the Nagarkot fort . Thus Nagarkot fort had suffered many attacks .
In 1170 Trigarta was being ruled by Raja Padam Chand when his younger brother got annoyed with him and established Jaswan as a new state with Rajpur as capital of Jaswan state .
In 1330A.D. Raja Prithvi Chand was ruling the Nagarkot and during his reign, Mohammad Bin Tuglak made an expedition to Nagarkot and captured in Kangra Fort in 1337 A.D .
Period of 1360 A.D. -- 1375 A.D. :-
Raja Rup Chand was the king of Kangra in power and he was taking part in revengeful expeditions against central authority and plundered the plains up to Dehli . When he was returning suffered an encounter with Sultan of Kashmir and lost all wealth to Shahab -Ud - din
Raja Rup Chand was against the central authority so Feroze Shah Tughlaq invaded the Kangra fort to teach a lesson to Raja Rup and besieged the fort with his army in 1365 A.D. as per " Tarikh - i -Feroze -Farishta " and " Tarikh -i - Feroze - Shahi ."
Raja Rup Chand and Feroze Shah came to an agreement and accepted the suzerainty of Feroze Shah Tuglaq later .
Later Firoz Shah came to Jawalamukhi and took 1300 books written in Sanskrit with him and got translated in Persian language through Ajjudin Khalid Khani . These books were treasure of Philosophy , Astrology and Divination . This translated book was named as " Dalai- i- Firozshahi ."
View of Railway Bridge
Period Between 1375 to 1390 A.D. :-
During this period Raja Sangar Chand ruled the Nagarkot. After Raja Rup Chand his son Sangar Chand became Raja of Nagarkot and he ruled the state till 1390 A . D . During this period in 1389 AD ,Son of Mohammad Tuglaq Nasiruddin remained refugee in Kangra hills and was called to Delhi in 1390 .
Period Between 1390 to 1405 :-
In 1390, after Raja Sangar Chand , Raja Magh Chand became Raja of Nagarkot and ruled the state till 1405 . During this period Taimurlung looted the Shivalik hills in 1398 A. D. and when he was returning in 1399 he also looted Dhameri , the name of Dhameri was later kept Nurpur on the name of Begum Noorjahan. Raja Hindoor helped him . Now the name of Hindoor is now Nalagarh which is in district Solan . At that time Raja Alam Chand was the king of Hindoor .In the 14 th. century Taimurlung was powerful ruler whose Empire was spread over western Asia , middle Asia up to India . He was born on 8th . April 1336 in Samarkand and died on 18 th. February 1405 . Though he was lame but this never came in his way in his life .
Period Between 1405 to 1528 AD. : -
In 1405 AD , after Raja Megh Chand , Hari Chand -I became Raja of Kangra . During this year when he was on hunting in forests of Hadsar [Guler ] he fell down in well and got missed from his hunting troup, search was made but they can't find the King . So considering him dead ,his younger brother Karan Chand II was made the King of Kangra .
After 21 days a marchant pedestrian passed by that route and found king Hari Chand -I. When Raja Hari Chand -I came to know that his younger brother Karan Chand - II had been declared King , he didn't returned to Kangra and founded Guler as his new state in 1415 with Haripur its capital . The Guler state annexed by British in 1813 AD
Raja Karan Chand ruled Kangra till 1430 and he was granted the title ," Bada Raja."
Then Sansar Chand - I , the son of Karan Chand became Raja of Kangra in 1430 AD.
Raja Sansar Chand - I ruled the state till 1450 .
Raja Sansar Chand I had two sons , Devangga Chand and Narendra Chand .
In 1450 AD. Devangga Chand became Raja of Kangra and ruled the state till 1465 AD .
In 1465 A D, Narendra Chand became Raja of Kangra and ruled the state till 1480 A.D.
From 1480 to 1490 the son of Raja Narendra Chand , Suvira Chand became Raja of Kangra and ruled the state till 1490 AD.
Period 1490 to 1510 AD.
During this period after Raja Suvira Chand his son Raja Prayag Chand became Raja of Kangra and ruled the state from 1490 to 1510 AD.
Period 1510 to 1528 AD.
The son of Raja Prayag Chand , Raja Ram Chand became Raja of Kangra in 1510 and ruled the state till 1528
The history of Nagarkot , the present Kangra from 1528AD onwards will be covered in the next Post .